Thoracentesis (definition of)

Thoracentesis is the removal of fluid that has accumulated in the chest. In mesothelioma patients, this fluid builds up in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall and is known as pleural effusion.

Pleural effusion is a symptoms of numerous respiratory disorders besides cancer; these can include infection or heart failure as well. However, it is usually the first indication of metastatic malignancies such as mesothelioma.

Thoracentesis is usually indicated when a chest x-ray or CT scan reveals substantial fluid build-up. During the procedure, the patient sits on a chair or bed and leans forward. Once location is determined, the area is prepared and disinfected. Thoracentesis is a relatively minor procedure, requiring only a local anesthetic. It is performed by the inserting a needle through the chest wall (known as a fluid aspiration or a pleural tap) into the pleural space where the fluid has accumulated. The fluid is then drained; often, it is sent to pathology to be analyzed.

Once the fluid is removed, the patient experiences substantial relief from symptoms such as shortness of breath. However, the fluid usually builds up again, requiring that the procedure be repeated.