Peritoneal Mesothelioma (definition of)
Most cases of mesothelioma start out in the lining of the lungs (pleura). However, mesothelioma in the lining of the abdomen or peritoneum, accounts for an average of 15% of all cases; this is known as peritoneal mesothelioma.
Medical scientists are not exactly sure how asbestos fibers reach this area of the body; however, it is likely that they are either swallowed and ingested, or inhaled into the lungs where they enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system and are carried to various parts of the body.
As the malignancy grows, lymphatic fluid accumulates in the peritoneal space. As pressure from the fluid and the growing tumor grows, it puts increasing pressure on the organs in the abdomen, resulting in bowel obstruction and distention; in some cases, it can affect breathing as well. As the malignancy spreads, it is referred to as "diffuse."
Signs of peritoneal mesothelioma may include:
- abdominal pain and swelling
- sudden diarrhea or constipation
- lumps of tissue in the abdominal area
- unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis is usually accomplished with various imaging techniques, including examination with a peritoneoscope. This instrument is used for viewing and taking tissue samples (biopsy) of the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity; the purpose here is to rule the possibility of pleural mesothelioma, as this form of the disease can metastasize to the peritoneum.
Treatment options include the standard cancer treatments, being radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Options for the latter are dependent on the size of the tumor and the degree metastasis; it may be necessary to remove a lung or part of the diaphragm. The fluid that accumulates between the membranes of the peritoneum may also be drained in order to relieve pain and discomfort (see paracentesis).
